Instrument for topographical surveying.



P. GAULTIBR. INSTRUMENT FOR TOPOGRAPHIGAL SURVEYING.

LPPLIOATION FILED BBPT. 14, 1909,

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APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 14, 1909.

Patented Ja.1i.9,1912.'

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I INVENTOR. PHUL QHULTHiR,

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v P. GAU-LTIBR. INSTRUMENT FOR TOPOGRAPHIGAL SURVEYING.

- I 7 APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 14, 1909. 1,014,143.

Patented Jan.9,1912.

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INSTRUMENT FOR TOPOGRAPHIGAL SURVEYING. APPLICATION FILED BEPT.14, 1909.

1,014,143, Patented Jan. 9; 1912.

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INVENTOR PAUL GAULT-lER ATTO R u EY IOLUMBIA PLANOORAPH cu. WAsI-llNumN,n. c.

PAUL GAULTIER, 0F VERSAILLES, FRANCE.

INSTRUMENT FOR TOPOGBAPI-IICAL SURVEYING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9,1912.

Application filed September 14, 1909. Serial No. 517,687.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAULGAULTIER, a citizen of France, residing atVersailles, in the said Republic, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Instruments for Topographical Surveying, (for which Iobtained a patent of addition in France, No. 9,966, of October 20, 1908,and a patent in Turkey, No. 1,504, of April 22, 1909,) of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention has for its object to provide an instrument fortopographical sur- 'veying.

In order to enable this invention to be more clearly understood,reference is to be had by way of example to the accompanying drawings inwhich:

Figures 1 and 2 are front elevations partly in section, of the table ofthe apparatus and the straight edges carried by it. Fig. 3' is a plan ofthe aforesaid general arrangement.

Fig. 4 is an elevation partly in section, of the pricking cylinderprovided with its millimetric scale. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation ofthe angled microscope. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating themethod of practical use of the apparatus herein referred to. Fig. 7 is adetail view showing in elevation the arrangement of the telescope on itssupport-bar. Fig. 8 is a detail view showing the vertical dividedcircle, in front of which the telescope is movable. Fig. 9 is a detailshowing in plan the disposition of the telescope on its support-bar.Fig. 10 is a detail view, showing the device designed to center thetable of the apparatus on its support. Fig. 11 is a detail sectionalview taken through the axes 6. Fig. 12 is a general perspective view ofthe whole arrangement.

The same references are employed to indicate the same parts in all thefigures of the drawings.

The apparatus is based on the following principle of geometry: Atriangle is known, when one side and two adjacent angles of the triangleare known. The practical application of this principle is illustrated byFig. 6 of the accompanying drawings.

Let I, II, III he points of the'land of which it is desired to plot theplan to a given scale. A base A B is measured on the land, and isplotted on the desired scale at A b on the drawing sheet. The instrumentcarrying the drawing sheet P is set up at A. Now if this instrumentallows of:

1Bringing the point A of the land in coincidence with the point A on thedrawing; 2-Bringing the three points A, b and B into alinement;3Determining directly the lines of direction AI, AII, A-III, &c., (linessuch as ov in Fig. 3); and 4- Plotting at b, the angles a a a &c.,determined at the point B by any suitable means (lines such as aa inFig. 3) then it will 'be clear that the intersection of the variouslines o-o and a.-w respectively in pairs will produce on thepolygonsimilar to the polygon I, II, III, and on the desired scale.

The apparatus comprises a stand, adaptdrawing P a ed to be fixed on theground; this stand consists of a tripod carrying a platform a (Fig. 10)supporting the table 1 and the hearing for the rod 2, which insures thecentering of the table 1 on its support. The said rod is fixed onabutton cl, and a spring 7, fixed on the one hand, to the platform 0,and, on the other hand, to the button cZ,,is coiled around the said rod.

The table 1, capable of being placed horizontal by means of'adjustingscrews such as b' (Fig. 10), carries a base bar B, corresponding indirection to the base line of the plan, which bar can slide and be fixedin posit-ion on the table 1. Two other movable straight bars D and Lwhich are capable of pivoting on axes 6, and of being fixed in anydesired positions are carried by the bar B.

The base bar Bis composed of two pieces 10 and 11on which are mountedthe slides 12 and 13 that carry respectively the bars L and D. Each ofthese slides comprises a central block such as 12' Fig. 11) groovedlaterally so as to fit exactly upon the edges 10 and 11 of the twopieces which constitute the rule of the base B, which pieces aremoreover braced at their extremities by the pieces 7), 12 (Fig. 3) isprovided with a horizontal shaft 14: carrying two pinions 15 that engagerespectively with sunk racks shown as at c and c of Fig. 11 of thedrawings fixed in the pieces 10 and 11 of'the bar B. The horizontalshaft 14; is provided at one end with an operating knob 16. This systemof operating the slides enables the said slides to be moved rapidly andto be adjusted inposition accurately and very easily to 1/20th of amillimeter.

The base bar B is divided in millimeters along its outer edge at 17verniers carried by the slides 12 and 13, for

and one of the ated by means of a instance the Vernier 18 carried by theslide 12, is adjustable. This arrangement enables the exact distancebetween the two axes 6 of the bars D and L to be determined with strictaccuracy without it being necessary for the zero of the divisions 17 tocoincide exactly with the station point A which is exceedingly difficultto be effected.

The bar B is attached to the slide ways 3 of the table 1 through themedium of parts such, as 19 provided with slots for the passage of theset screws 4, these pieces being in turn attached to the slide ways 3 ofthe table 1 by means of clamping screws such as 20. The bar B is raisedrelatively to the table 1, by means of sliding parts such as 21, throughwhich clamping screws 4 pass. The adjustment of the bar B, in the exactline of direction AB is effected by means of adjusting screws such asThe slides 12 and 13 carry, respectively, two graduated circles 8 and 8having their respective centers on the pivot of the bar L and on thepivot of the bar D; these two circles are entire and full. The verniers24-24 of these circles are adapted to be readily adjustable, areilluminated by a clearglass piece p;0 (Fig. 11), and are read by meansof lenses such as 2525.

The bars L and D have, in cross section, the form shown in Fig. 4 of thedrawings; they are counterbalanced by masses L and D situatedrespectively on the farther side of the pivot of each bar. The saidcrosssectional forms, render the bars very stiff, while allowing thebars to be arranged very close to each other, and to the paper on whichit is desired to plot the plan.

The bar L carries a telescope e, for sighting the point on the land, andalong the divisions of the bar there can be moved a small slide block 27carrying a Vernier 28 and a clamping screw 29. This slide block has aprojecting part 30 at right angles to the axis of the bar L. Thedisposition of the telescope e on the bar L is indicated on Figs. 7, 8and 9. It is pivoted at f on a suitable support 9, and it is providedwith a level it permitting to insure its horizotal position. Anysuitable device 71 for adjusting the inclination of the telescope, isprovided, and acts on the pivoting support f. A fixed graduated circle jis secured on'the support 9, and a Vernier la, is is movable along thegraduations of said circle, according to the rotation of the pivot f.

Microscopes such as 5, are situated in the axis 6 of the slides 12 and13. These mi.- croscopes can be brought exactly over the trigonometricalpoints of the plan, and they can be adjusted vertically by means of arack such as 31 actuated'by a pinion operknob 32. This arrangementgreatly facilitates the centering of the spiders webs; in fact if one oftheslides,

plate 34, andits point the slide 13 for instance, be clamped on the barB, it will be sufiicient to insert in the axis 6 of the said slide inthe place of the microscope, a pricking cylinder such as 33 having thesame external diameter, to prick the drawing at that point to replacethe pricking cylinder by the microscope, and then to adjust the spiderswebs so that they shall aline with the point marked by the pricking.

The pricking cylinder 7, illustrated in detail in Fig. 4 of thedrawings, is intended to be placed at the intersection of the bars D andL. It is supported by a faced, base 35 is mounted on the end of a rod 36operated by a push 37 and a returning spring 38. The upper part isextended in the form of a frame 39' carrying slide ways 40 in which is amovable millimeter scale 41 operated by means of a knob 42'through themedium of rack and pinion gear. This scale enables the altitude of thepoint that has been sighted and marked by pricking, to be ascertaineddirectly by reading the scale a first time when a sight of the saidpoint is taken with the telescope e on the bar L, and a second time whenthe telescope is placed horizontally, which posi tion is controlled bymeans of the level h. The angle which correspondsto the said altitudemay, further, be read on the circle j.

For the purpose of determining by synthesis the given points of the landon the plan, there is likewise provided an angled microscope cylindermounted on a faced base plate 43, and comprising a cylinder 44 equal indiameter to the pricking cylinder 7. This microscope contains a prism 45between the eye-piece and the objective, and it is focused by means ofthe operating knob 46. In using it, it is suflicient to focus it to apricked point, and then to set the'bars L and D tangentially to thecylinder 44.

The manner of plotting the plan with the herein described apparatus, isas follows: The tripod stand is first set up on the land so that thestation point A marked on the plan will coincide approximately with thestation point on the land. the instrument is then placed on the stand,and the pivot 2 engaged in the table 1. The drawing sheet on which thebase A b (Fig. 6) hasbeen drawn to scale is fixed on the drawing boardwhich is then placed on the table 1 so as to be held by the edges of thebars 3. The board is fixed in position by means of clamping screws 4.The station point A on the drawing sheet is brought as closely aspossible over the point A of the land base line AB. The table 1 of theinstrument is then adjusted so as to bring the point A of the drawinginto absolute coincidence with the point A of the land. This may be doneby means of a line and plummet. Then the table l is fixed to the fixedThe table 1 of platform 0 of the stand. When this has been done, thebars B, D and L are placed on the table 1. These three bars constitutean entirety which can be placed as a whole upon the slideways 19attached to the table. The bar B is arranged so that the spiders webs ofthe microscopes such as 5, situated on theaxis 6 of the pivots of thebars D and L; are brought exactly over the points that correspond to theend points A and b, of the base line. The stand pivot is then operatedin such a manner as to bring the bar B in alinement with the point B(Fig. 6); this being done by means of the telescope 6 carried by the barL. For this purpose the bar L is brought and fixed in position along thebase bar B; this is easily done because the radius of theicylinder(acting as a stop) of the microscope situated on the axis 6 of the bar Disv exactly equal to the radius of the cylinder 7 of the pricker. Theinstrument is then looked in position. Then without disturbing thisalinement which must remain exact, the upper table 1 is leveled with theaid of the adjusting and fixing screws. The plotting of the plan is thencarried out, as follows: An instrument for measuring angles is then setup at the second station B, and an assistant carries to each of thepoints to be plotted, such as the points I, II, III, a staflf which isheld vertical by means of a line and plummet. A reading is taken uponthe staff at each point, simultaneously, by the two observers at thechosen stations A and B. The observer at station A takes a sight at thepoint I with the telescope e on the bar L, and the line such as 12-42(Fig. 3) gives the line of direction A-I. The operator at station Bnotes the angle a made by the base A-B with the line BI, and this angleis reproduced by the observer at station A by means of the circle 8 andbar D. Then the line such as a-a (Fig. 3) gives the line of directionB-I. The adjusting screws 23, 23 permit the exact positioning of thebars L and D.- Then by fixing the bars L and D, and moving the cylinder7 over their point of intersection, he can mark the point I accuratelyon his drawing sheet. The operation is the same for the points II andIII.

Having now fully described and illustrated my invention, what I claim,is:

1. A stand; a table adjustable into a hori- Gopies of this patent may beobtained for five cents each,

zontal position; grooves on the under surfaces of the said table; a bar,called base line bar, supported by means movable in the said grooves andfixable in a predetermined direction, on the table; two other movablebars pivoted and fixable in position as desired, on'the base line bar;slides movable on the base line bar and supporting the pivots of thepivoted bars; a telescope mounted on one of the pivoted bars anddesigned for sighting points on the land; millimetric scale and vernieron the said bar; divided circles fixed on the movable slides on the baseline bar and having their centers of the pivots on the pivoted bars;microscopes disposed on the pivots of the pivoted bars; prickingcylinders for replacing eventually said microscopes; adjusting screwsfor enabling the bars to be brought quickly into their exact positions;plunger prickers to be brought over the intersection of the two pivotedbars; and an angled microscope for replacing eventually the saidpricker.

2. An instrument for topographical surveying comprising; a table adaptedto be adjusted into a horizontal position and provided with grooves onits lower face; a base line bar; means movable in said groove andadapted to support said bar; a pair of slides movable on the base linebar; pivots carried thereon; additional bars pivotally supported on saidslides and adapted to cross each other; a telescope mounted on one ofthe pivoted bars; a scale and vernier on said last named bar; dividedcircles fixed on said slides and having their centers on the pivotscoincident of the pivoted bars; microscopes disposed on said 1 ivots andadapted to be replaced by pricking cylinders; adjusting screws forenabling the bars to be brought quickly to the desired positions;plunger prickers adapted to be brought over the intersection of thepivoted bars and an angled microscope adapted to replace the plungerprickers.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to'this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

PAUL GAULTIER.

Witnesses ANDRE BoRDILLoN, EUGENE PICHON.

by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, I). C.

